Light Beer versus Dark Beer

Postulation StatementThere are a few contrasts between light lager (which incorporate the accompanying: American Standard Beers, American Light Beers, American Wheat Ales, Belgian Wheat Ales, Hefeweizen, and Pilsners) and dim brew (which incorporate Brown Ales, German Bocks, Nut Brown Ales, Porters, and Stouts). A portion of the distinctions incorporate their inceptions, the procedures associated with making or delivering it, just as, their prevalence since light lager is definitely more mainstream than dull beer.OriginBoth light and dim brew came to exist in 1772 (Chronology.. n.p.). The creation of both started in 1587 when the foreigners of Virginia prepared beer using corn (Chronology.. n.p.). At that point twenty years from that point onward, England sent its first shipment of brew to the foreigners of Virginia (Chronology.. n.p.). Two years from that point onward, London were at that point searching for brewers to help those settlers of Virginia; in those days commercials which states, â€Å"American Help Wanted† were posted (Chronology.. n.p.). From that point onward, the primary bottling works has been founded in Manhattan by â€Å"Adrian Block and Hans Christiansen† (Chronology.. n.p.).The organization of that bottling works previously mentioned caused the introduction of â€Å"Jean Vigne† who was the â€Å"first non-local American to turn into the primary brewer horn in Manhattan† (Chronology.. n.p.). Notwithstanding that, following a couple of years, â€Å"Governor Van Twiller† alongside the â€Å"West India Company† fabricated another bottling works in New Amsterdam on Brewers Street (Chronology.. n.p.). This has been trailed by another distillery which was based on Manhattan Island by Peter Ninuit (Chronology.. n.p.). After such a significant number of distilleries have been initiated, a permit to open a bar in Boston has been granted to a man named Samuel Cole (Chronology.. n.p.).Three years after the fact , the â€Å"first definitively recorded bottling works in the Massachusetts Bay Colony heavily influenced by Captain Sedgwick has been instituted† (Chronology.. n.p.). At that point another distillery has been fabricated situated in Providence, Rhode Island which has been appointed and to be driven by Sergeant Bauleton (Chronology.. n.p.). Promptly following that, â€Å"Samuel Wentworth has been given a permit to work and blend brew in New Hampshire† in 1670 (Chronology.. n.p.). Two additional distilleries were set up: one out of 1683 which was set up close to Bristol, Pennsylvania and another in 1738 which has been built up in Jekyll Island, Georgia (Chronology.. n.p.). At that point at last following 34 years, dull and light lager have been composed in England (Chronology.. n.p.).Process of Making ItIn making light lager, the primary stage is to â€Å"steep the grain in water until it grows or germinates† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). After that stage in fact all uded to as â€Å"malting†, the grain/malt is then warmed and dried â€Å"in request to prevent the malt from sprouting further† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.) After that procedure known as â€Å"kilning†, the malt might be cooked further as per favored shading and flavor (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). The subsequent stage is to â€Å"process the dried malt in a plant all together for the external covering of the grain to crack† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).After splitting it will set in a holder then it will be poured with heated water (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). Here, the sugars contained in the grain will be separated and discharged in the water and will thus deliver a sweet fluid called wort too (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). After that the â€Å"wort† will be bubbled for two hours and jumps will be included (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).In making dull lager, the equivalent handled is followed with the exception of that jumps in dim lager are bubbled 30 minutes or a ll the more (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).PopularityIt is said that undergrads are bound to drink light lagers. This is basically in light of the fact that it is simpler to drink than dull ones. Nonetheless, a clinical advancement influenced such prominence of light brew since dull lager has been demonstrated to forestall blood clumps (Peck n.p.). Notwithstanding that, it has â€Å"powerful cancer prevention agent effects† (Fauber n.p.).ConclusionBoth light and dull lagers were delivered in 1772 having a similar history. They vary, anyway during the time spent creation it since dim brews include additional time in bubbling jumps than in light lagers. Additionally, regarding prominence, albeit dim lagers are demonstrated to be useful for the wellbeing, more individuals despite everything go for light lagers particularly school students.ReferencesChronology of the American Brewing Industry. n.d. n.a. 22 October 2007http://www.beerhistory.com/library/property/chronology.shtmlFauber, John. Dim Beer Better for Heart. 11 November 2003. The Temple News.22 October 2007http://sanctuary news.com/wp-signup.php?new=media.wwwPeck, Peggy. Dim Beer May be Better for the Heart. 11 November 2003. WebMD.22 October 2007http://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20031111/dull lager might be-better-for-heartSF Brewers Guild. How Beer is Made. n.d. n.a. 22 October 2007http://sfbrewersguild.org/beer.html

The Color Red Essay Example for Free

The Color Red Essay Do you have a most loved shading? Do you have mutiple? Do you realize what hues speak to you? (AG) Well, I have two most loved hues, and they speak to me quite well. (RT) Today I’m going to discuss two hues that speaks to me and why. (TH) My first shading (TR) is Red. (MP 1) The explanation I picked red is on the grounds that red is my preferred shading. Why I like red has consistently been a puzzle, until age 13. At 13 years old I understood that I had an indignation issue. I was exceptionally temperamental. The most straightforward issue would trigger me into being irate. Wearing red tells a few people when I’m furious, regardless of whether it’s shoes, a shirt or even red socks. On the off chance that you see me in red I’m irate. By what other means does red speaks to me? It additionally speaks to my life when I’m wearing red Im making every moment count, regardless of whether it’s voyaging celebrating or even simply sitting at home viewing a TV appear. Red is my shading. My subsequent shading (TR) is Black. (MP 2) Black is another of my preferred hues, since dark is a misconstrued shading, and it speaks to me in manners individuals don’t comprehend. At the point when I wear dark it must mean two things: something is troubling me or I’m going to battle When something is disturbing me I wear a little piece or dark, regardless of whether it’s a cap or a couple of dark shades. When I’m prepared to battle, I’m wearing all dark. I will be wearing dark from head to toe. At the point when I stroll down the road everybody state â€Å"Oh master who is she going to fight†. So whenever you see me and I’m in all dark simply realize something is going to go down In shutting (TR) Red and dark speaks to me from various perspectives I can’t depict. (Whole) Do you need to realize what shading or hues speak to you? Please let’s discover.

Health Benefits of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

Health Benefits of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Meditation Print Health Benefits of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction By Cathy Wong Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Richard Fogoros, MD on August 05, 2016 Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified internal medicine physician and cardiologist. He is Verywells Senior Medical Advisor. Learn about our Medical Review Board Richard Fogoros, MD Updated on February 24, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living PraxisPhotography/Moment/Getty Images Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a healing approach that combines meditation and yoga. Developed by Dr. Jon Kabat-Zinn in the 1970s, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction aims to address the unconscious thoughts, feelings, and behaviors thought to increase stress and undermine your health. What It Involves Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction is an eight-week program that involves training in mindfulness meditation and yoga. Participants generally meet once weekly. In mindfulness meditation, individuals strive to cultivate a greater awareness of the present moment. By increasing their mindfulness, participants in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction aim to reduce their overall arousal and emotional reactivity and to gain a deeper sense of calm. Uses Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction is said to benefit individuals dealing with the following health conditions or problems: ADHDAnxietyDepressionChronic painStressFatigueAngerHeadachesHigh blood pressureSleep problems Benefits   Heres a look at Mindfulness-Based Stress Reductions potential health benefits, as tested in scientific studies: Pain Relief Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction may help relieve pain and improve psychological well-being in people dealing with chronic pain conditions, according to a study published in 2010. Researchers found that study members with arthritis showed the greatest improvement in health-related quality of life after undergoing Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, while participants with chronic headache/migraine had the smallest improvement. Stress Management For a report published in 2009, scientists sized up ten studies on Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and found that the program is able to reduce stress levels in healthy people. MBSR also appeared to reduce anxiety and increase empathy. Better Sleep Some studies suggest that MBSR may help reduce certain factors (such as worrying) that contribute to sleep problems, according to a report published in 2007. However, in their analysis of seven studies on Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and sleep disturbance, the reports authors found insufficient evidence of MBSRs ability to significantly improve sleep quality and duration. Depression Relapse Prevention Research also suggests that mindfulness approaches may help prevent the reoccurrence of depressive symptoms. Because this mindfulness-based approach focuses on altering negative thought patterns, it can help prevent people from developing negative thoughts and beliefs about themselves.  One study found that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was as effective as antidepressants for preventing depression relapse.?? Bias Reduction Another benefit of mindfulness-based approaches is that they can often help people overcome previously existing association such as biased beliefs. One study found that mindfulness techniques had a positive impact on reducing age and racial biases as measured by implicit association tests.?? Cognitive Improvements   Research also suggests that mindfulness-based approaches may also have cognitive benefits. One study found that four sessions of meditation training led to improvements in verbal fluency, mood, visual coding, and working memory. There were also improvements in visual-spatial processing and executive functioning.?? Trying Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction If youre considering the use of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, make sure to pursue training at a university medical center, hospital, or clinic, where classes are taught by qualified health professionals. If youre thinking about using it for a health condition, make sure to consult your primary care provider first. Its important to note that self-treating a condition and delaying or avoiding standard care may have serious consequences.

Victors and Vanquished Essay - 1402 Words

Victors and Vanquished The history of the Western hemisphere is full of war and conquest. One of the most significant and defining of those conquests is the downfall of the Mexica/Aztec Empire. While there are many other events to choose from, this one stands out since it was one over one of the largest empires in Central America. It is also important to look at because of the immense cultural impact it had. The story of this takeover reads like a movie script, a small band of Spaniards single handedly takes down the most powerful empire in Central America. It was an epic battle, which unfortunately led to the destruction of a magnificent culture. As in any major historical event there are many underlying themes and storylines†¦show more content†¦Among many things given to the Spaniards during the first few days of contact with the Aztecs was a large chest of gold figures along many other expensive things. This gesture of good will by the Aztecs would eventually lead to their downfall. The moment Cortez started receiving all these wonderful items his mind was most likely made up that he would do whatever it took to plunder every valuable item of the Aztec kingdom. As Cortez gradually moved deeper into Aztec territory he steadily received more gifts from the Aztecs and from other city-states that surrounded Tenochtitlan. Each time Montezuma requested for Cortez and the Spaniards to return back to the coast and conduct meetings and trade from there. However, with each gift received just gave Cortez additional incentive to move towards Tenochtitlan. By the time the Spaniards were in Tenochtitlan the Aztecs saw their true colors and it was too late. A second major theme, which played a very important role in this event, was the incredible advantage given to the Spanish due to their technology. The Aztecs were an advanced civilization with a large infrastructure, an organized system of government and many artistic and cultural achievements. However, they severely lacked many important advantages that were common in Europe at that time. The Aztecs had no iron tools or weapons,Show MoreRelatedVictors and Vanquished Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesVictors and Vanquished The history of the Western hemisphere is full of war and conquest. One of the most significant and defining of those conquests is the downfall of the Mexica/Aztec Empire. While there are many other events to choose from, this one stands out since it was one over one of the largest empires in Central America. It is also important to look at because of the immense cultural impact it had. The story of this takeover reads like a movie script, a small band of Spaniards singleRead MoreWomen Of Algiers By Pablo Picasso898 Words   |  4 Pagesremorse for hurting others, and lust for control and power over women. This is emphasised in the quote: â€Å"with Pablo there must always be a victor and a vanquished. I could not be satisfied with being a victor, nor, I think, could anyone who is emotionally mature. There was nothing gained by being vanquished either, because with Pablo, the moment you were vanquished he lost all interest.† (Gilot, F, 1964) This shows just how necessary it was for Picasso to feel like he was the one in control over theRead MoreEssay about History At Its Best1616 Words   |  7 Pages in the shortest amount of time. The three books, The Interesting Narrative, by Olaudah Equiano, Victors and Vanquished, by Stuart B. Schwartz, and A Social Contract, by Jean-Jeacques Rousseau, each provide a view of the modern era in their own individual ways. Olaudah Equianos account of his life as a slave is directed at the problem of slavery. Stuart B. Schwartz Victors and Vanquished, provides a collection of personal accounts about the conquest of Mexico under the command of HernandoRead MoreWhy The United States Entered World War I942 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore is hardly reasonable for all nations. For peace to occur there would either have to be equality, or the victor would have to force peace on the vanquished. Equality is not feasible because everyone wants the power, so they can be in control. If the victor for ced peace on the vanquished it would only be accepted because that is their only choice. The victor forcing peace on the vanquished would only be a temporary solution of peace, it would not last, because they would have a bitter memory ofRead MoreVictor Frankenstein Isolation Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesUltimately, Dr. Victor Frankenstein is responsible for the creatures acts of destruction due to the certitude the creature came into existence in the mindset of a child or newborn. In the 1818 novel by Mary Shelley, the themes of monstrosity and isolation are apparent with the relationship between Victor Frankenstein and his monster. Dr. Frankenstein fled at the sight of his horrific, figurative son, abandoned him and never taught him how to deal with actions and consequences as a parent should.Read MoreBeowulf Essay759 Words   |  4 Pagesguest of hers and had drawn her knife, broad burnished of edge: for her boy was to be avenged, her only son.† (Lines 1545-1547) Although obviously a monster, a ‘damned thing from the deep’ (line1519) the reader can understand her love for her vanquished son. She was unable to protect him in life but was determined to take revenge and kill Beowulf for the slaying of her loved one. This battle is more difficult for Beowulf to win as she proves to be a worthy opponent and towards the end of the passageRead MoreRomantic and Enlightenment Ideas in Frankenstein Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesborn. In Frankenstein, Shelley argues (1) that Victor Frankensteins role as an Enlightenment hero, not only pulled him out of nature, but made him a slave to his creation; (2) that Frankensteins role as a revolting romantic failed, because he didnt take responsibility for his creation; and (3) mankind must find a balance between the Enlightenment and Romantic ideologies. In his youth Victor spent his time secluded from nature, studying books. Victor spent every hour trying to learning how to banishRead MoreThe Spanish Conquest1711 Words   |  7 Pagesimportantly) gunpowder gave the invaders a devastating superiority of force, man for man, against warriors armed only with bravery and stone-edged weapons. Spanish weaponry produced staggering death tolls[5]. For the Conquest of Mexico, In Victors and Vanquished, by Stuart Schwartz, he says, â€Å"despite the Mexica’s experience in warfare their military objectives, weapons, tactics, and experience put them at a decided disadvantage in the face of Spanish steel and Spanish objectives even though they outnumberedRead MoreWorld War I: The Big Three at the Center of the Peace Settlement of Versailles 886 Words   |  3 Pagesthroughout the 20th century. One well-known historian in support of this view is David Andelmen, which is displayed in the following statement â€Å"The peace imposed at V ersailles by the western powers –Britain, France, Italy and the United States – On the vanquished, not to mention the weak, the powerless, the orphaned and the friendless, determined much of what went wrong for the balance of the century and beyond.† These three men according to Andelmen were the soul reason for many of the events and crisesRead MoreA Rose For Miss Emily Analysis973 Words   |  4 Pagesnever pursuing the matter further. It is significant to note that a colonel is subordinate only to a captain in military rank. The aldermen did not have the ability to pull rank on either the dead colonel or Miss Emily. She â€Å"vanquished them, horse and foot as she had vanquished their fathers thirty years before about the smell† (Faulkner, paragraph 15). â€Å"Vanquish† is a strong term specifically denoting to overcome in battle. The addition of the phrase â€Å"horse and foot† is a reference to the cavalry

The Pros And Cons Of Organ Donation - 1852 Words

Nicholas Spangler Ms. Thalheimer English 12 17 November, 2017 Organ Donation Should be Mandatory Organ harvesting is a surgical procedure that involves removing the organs from a brain-dead victim. Whereas, an organ transplantation is a surgical procedure that removes old defective organs, and replaces them with the new organs from the organ harvesting. Both of these two terms make up the total process of organ donation. Organ Donation carries various pros and cons in the short term and long term of the process. There are many effects that occur before harvesting that can influence the outcome of whether or not the victims organs can be harvested, such as family, religious beliefs, and common misconceptions people believe in. Since the†¦show more content†¦Families don’t have an abundance of time to make this decision because the organs can only be saved for so long until they begin to deteriorate. When the organs are approved by the family to be donated, the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) starts to play a large role in the next steps, these are: Both physical and mental health are evaluated, as well as the individuals support system. If accepted, the patient is placed into the database. If a donor becomes available, the computer will match the two and rank according to blood type, tissue match, length of time on the waiting list, immune status, and distance between donor and recipient. In cases of heart, lung, and intestinal transplants, medical urgency is also assessed. (McDougall, 477) UNOS focuses on who the recipient of one of the eight organs will be. The organs are tested to determine blood type so they can make sure the recipient can receive that type of blood without harming their body. When determining who should be the recipient of a certain organ UNOS looks at how long someone has been waiting, blood type, distance, and severity of recipient. These factors give no special treatment to the recipient or donor: race, gender, ethnicity, and social status. The goal of UNOS is to make sure everybody on the waiting list is treated respect and equal care. Today there are â€Å"more than 118,000 people waiting for transplants† (UNOS). Everyday around twentyShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Organ Donation1176 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan DonationAfter Death: An Annotated Bibliography Moritsugu, Kenneth P. The Power of Organ Donation to Save Lives through Transplantation. Public Health Reports. Association of Schools of Public Health, 2013. Web. 14 June 2017. . Organ and tissue donation are important and could be difference between life and death in some cases. In this article Kenneth Moritsugu is a former Acting Surgeon General of the United States and shares his experiences with organ donning and how it can change livesRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Organ Donation Essay1031 Words   |  5 Pagesother people who have been struggling for so long and are waiting for an organ transplant from an organ donor. Although many people need organs and think it is a good thing, there are also many people that are against organ donation. Organ donation is the process of taking a whole organ or just part of an organ from one person, so it can be transplanted into another person. In order for somebody to be able to donate organs after death, they have to be brain dead. Brain death can be caused by anyRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Xenotransplantation: Organ Donations1073 Words   |  5 Pagesknow many of the people who need organ donations need them because of new and old health issues. The worldwide demand for organs far surpasses the supply. A study done by the United Network for Organ Sharing in 2004 found that over one hundred thousand patients could have benefited from an organ transplant but only twenty-nine thousand were available. In the United States alone seventeen patients die each and every day while on the waiting list to receive a donor organ. Scientists have been trying toRead MoreOrgan Donation After Death By Toni Gross1476 Words   |  6 Pages Organ Donation After Death by Toni Gross Specific Purpose Statement: ​To invite my audience to consider the pros and cons of donating organs after death and to consider where this leads into the future. Thesis: ​Organ donation is the process of giving an organ or a part of an organ and transplanting it into another person in order for them to survive, today I am wanting to better understand the different views on organ donating so I can make a better decision on deciding whether to registerRead MoreOrgan Donation1090 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Why organ donation should be mandatory Audience: College Students General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade people to want to become an organ donor and the benefits of being one Proposition: You should become an organ donor Organizational Pattern: Statement of logical reasoning Introduction: Attention Getter: Organ donation is an amazing thing, saving many lives every year. Roughly 152,000 people die every day and 55 Million die each year yet, there is 116,000 peopleRead MoreOrgan Donation : Persuasive Speech909 Words   |  4 PagesOrgan Donation Rhetorical Analysis Organ donation has been a major controversy for many years now. There are those people who favor it and the ones who do not. According to the United States Organ and Tissue Transplantation Association, organ donation is defined as tissue or organ removal from a deceased or living donor, for transplantation purposes. Tissues and organs are moved in a surgical procedure. Afterwards, they are transplanted to a recipient to ensure their recovery (Francis 2015). OrganRead MoreOrgan Donation And Its Effects On The Donor Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagesmortal donation also takes away any chance of effects on the donor. Since the donor is deceased, there is no worry of the effects because of two reasons: they are no longer living and they have no use for their viable organs anymore. With the several pros and cons of postmortal donation, comes the different aspects of inter vivos donation. When organs are taken from living donors and are transplanted there are also several pros and cons present. 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Attention Getter: Imagine having a loved one who is in end stage organ failure and has been put on the organ transplant waiting list, in hopes getting the chance to live. B. Reason to Listen: With the long list of people waiting to receive an organ transplant, it is important thatRead MoreThe History of Organ Donation and Transplantation 1004 Words   |  5 Pages Organ donation is the surgical removal of organs or a tissue of one person to be transplanted to another person for the purpose of replacing a failed organ damaged by disease or injury. Organs and tissues that can be transplanted are liver, kidneys, pancreas, heart, lungs, intestines, cornea, middle ear, skin, bone, bone marrow, heart valves, and connective tissues. Everyone regardless of age can consider themselves as potential donors. After one dies, he is evaluated if he is suited for organ donation

Digital Fortress Chapter 11 Free Essays

Spain. I sent David to Spain. The commander’s words stung. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Fortress Chapter 11 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"David’s in Spain?† Susan was incredulous. â€Å"You sent him to Spain?† Her tone turned angry. â€Å"Why?† Strathmore looked dumbfounded. He was apparently not accustomed to being yelled at, even by his head cryptographer. He gave Susan a confused look. She was flexed like a mother tiger defending her cub. â€Å"Susan,† he said. â€Å"You spoke to him, didn’t you? David did explain?† She was too shocked to speak. Spain? That’s why David postponed our Stone Manor trip? â€Å"I sent a car for him this morning. He said he was going to call you before he left. I’m sorry. I thought-â€Å" â€Å"Why would you send David to Spain?† Strathmore paused and gave her an obvious look. â€Å"To get the other pass-key.† â€Å"What other pass-key?† â€Å"Tankado’s copy.† Susan was lost. â€Å"What are you talking about?† Strathmore sighed. â€Å"Tankado surely would have had a copy of the pass-key on him when he died. I sure as hell didn’t want it floating around the Seville morgue.† â€Å"So you sent David Becker?† Susan was beyond shock. Nothing was making sense. â€Å"David doesn’t even work for you!† Strathmore looked startled. No one ever spoke to the deputy director of the NSA that way. â€Å"Susan,† he said, keeping his cool, â€Å"that’s the point. I needed-â€Å" The tiger lashed out. â€Å"You’ve got twenty thousand employees at your command! What gives you the right to send my fiance?† â€Å"I needed a civilian courier, someone totally removed from government. If I went through regular channels and someone caught wind-â€Å" â€Å"And David Becker is the only civilian you know?† â€Å"No! David Becker is not the only civilian I know! But at six this morning, things were happening quickly! David speaks the language, he’s smart, I trust him, and I thought I’d do him a favor!† â€Å"A favor?† Susan sputtered. â€Å"Sending him to Spain is a favor?† â€Å"Yes! I’m paying him ten thousand for one day’s work. He’ll pick up Tankado’s belongings, and he’ll fly home. That’s a favor!† Susan fell silent. She understood. It was all about money. Her thoughts wheeled back five months to the night the president of Georgetown University had offered David a promotion to the language department chair. The president had warned him that his teaching hours would be cut back and that there would be increased paperwork, but there was also a substantial raise in salary. Susan had wanted to cry out David, don’t do it! You’ll be miserable. We have plenty of money-who cares which one of us earns it? But it was not her place. In the end, she stood by his decision to accept. As they fell asleep that night, Susan tried to be happy for him, but something inside kept telling her it would be a disaster. She’d been right-but she’d never counted on being so right. â€Å"You paid him ten thousand dollars?† she demanded. â€Å"That’s a dirty trick!† Strathmore was fuming now. â€Å"Trick? It wasn’t any goddamn trick! I didn’t even tell him about the money. I asked him as a personal favor. He agreed to go.† â€Å"Of course he agreed! You’re my boss! You’re the deputy director of the NSA! He couldn’t say no!† â€Å"You’re right,† Strathmore snapped. â€Å"Which is why I called him. I didn’t have the luxury of-â€Å" â€Å"Does the director know you sent a civilian?† â€Å"Susan,† Strathmore said, his patience obviously wearing thin, â€Å"the director is not involved. He knows nothing about this.† Susan stared at Strathmore in disbelief. It was as if she no longer knew the man she was talking to. He had sent her fiance-a teacher-on an NSA mission and then failed to notify the director about the biggest crisis in the history of the organization. â€Å"Leland Fontaine hasn’t been notified?† Strathmore had reached the end of his rope. He exploded. â€Å"Susan, now listen here! I called you in here because I need an ally, not an inquiry! I’ve had one hell of morning. I downloaded Tankado’s file last night and sat here by the output printer for hours praying TRANSLTR could break it. At dawn I swallowed my pride and dialed the director-and let me tell you, that was a conversation I was really looking forward to. Good morning, sir. I’m sorry to wake you. Why am I calling? I just found out TRANSLTR is obsolete. It’s because of an algorithm my entire top-dollar Crypto team couldn’t come close to writing!† Strathmore slammed his fist on the desk. Susan stood frozen. She didn’t make a sound. In ten years, she had seen Strathmore lose his cool only a handful of times, and never once with her. Ten seconds later neither one of them had spoken. Finally Strathmore sat back down, and Susan could hear his breathing slowing to normal. When he finally spoke, his voice was eerily calm and controlled. â€Å"Unfortunately,† Strathmore said quietly, â€Å"it turns out the director is in South America meeting with the President of Colombia. Because there’s absolutely nothing he could do from down there, I had two options-request he cut his meeting short and return, or handle this myself.† There was along silence. Strathmore finally looked up, and his tired eyes met Susan’s. His expression softened immediately. â€Å"Susan, I’m sorry. I’m exhausted. This is a nightmare come true. I know you’re upset about David. I didn’t mean for you to find out this way. I thought you knew.† Susan felt a wave of guilt. â€Å"I overreacted. I’m sorry. David is a good choice.† Strathmore nodded absently. â€Å"He’ll be back tonight.† Susan thought about everything the commander was going through-the pressure of overseeing TRANSLTR, the endless hours and meetings. It was rumored his wife of thirty years was leaving him. Then on top of it, there was Digital Fortress-the biggest intelligence threat in the history of the NSA, and the poor guy was flying solo. No wonder he looked about to crack. â€Å"Considering the circumstances,† Susan said, â€Å"I think you should probably call the director.† Strathmore shook his head, a bead of sweat dripping on his desk. â€Å"I’m not about to compromise the director’s safety or risk a leak by contacting him about a major crisis he can do nothing about.† Susan knew he was right. Even in moments like these, Strathmore was clear-headed. â€Å"Have you considered calling the President?† Strathmore nodded. â€Å"Yes. I’ve decided against it.† Susan had figured as much. Senior NSA officials had the right to handle verifiable intelligence emergencies without executive knowledge. The NSA was the only U.S. intelligence organization that enjoyed total immunity from federal accountability of any sort. Strathmore often availed himself of this right; he preferred to work his magic in isolation. â€Å"Commander,† she argued, â€Å"this is too big to be handled alone. You’ve got to let somebody else in on it.† â€Å"Susan, the existence of Digital Fortress has major implications for the future of this organization. I have no intention of informing the President behind the director’s back. We have a crisis, and I’m handling it.† He eyed her thoughtfully. â€Å"I am the deputy director of operations.† A weary smile crept across his face. â€Å"And besides, I’m not alone. I’ve got Susan Fletcher on my team.† In that instant, Susan realized what she respected so much about Trevor Strathmore. For ten years, through thick and thin, he had always led the way for her. Steadfast. Unwavering. It was his dedication that amazed her-his unshakable allegiance to his principles, his country, and his ideals. Come what may, Commander Trevor Strathmore was a guiding light in a world of impossible decisions. â€Å"You are on my team, aren’t you?† he asked. Susan smiled. â€Å"Yes, sir, I am. One hundred percent.† â€Å"Good. Now can we get back to work?† How to cite Digital Fortress Chapter 11, Essay examples

Condensed Reality Study of Material Culture

Question: Discuss about the Condensed Reality for Study of Material Culture. Answer: Introduction: The Morobe show has it history from 1959. The show has grown for the past two decade to reach attendance of more than 100000people. It has also earned a financial success for years as the show became commercialized with increased number of sponsors. Number of events in the show has increased over the years that have made it interesting and attracting more and more tourists. In the past two decades, M. Quinn ML and P. Franklin have been the presidents of the show taking 22 years and to present respectively (Sykes, Kamene, 2001). The Morobe show has for the years conserved the traditions and cultures of Papua New Guinea. The event that started with few events majorly on agriculture has incorporated other event that has enriched the show. The transaction in leadership and creation of life president has seen continuity of the society culture of being conservative. The Morobe show had the best financial results in the year 1997. This was as a result of upgrading fencing and ticket selling. It was also enhanced with entertainment and displays. It is during this time that the show had introduced Ferris wheel that contributed to more attraction. In 2000, the show introduced Morobe show Queen (Rannells Mimi, 2005). This was contest to promote New Guinea Culture. However, the show has been canceled once in the past 20years due to 2009 cholera outbreak. The show was also adversely affected by New York booming in 2001. The show also gets affected by adverse weather leading to low financial returns. The Show has for years relied on sponsorship from both national and international companies. The show experienced it highest level of sponsorship in 2007. These sponsors included Coca Cola, Trukai Industries and Ramu Agri-industries (Bourke, Harwood, 2009). Analysis of the Event The Morobe Show is the biggest and most famous every year event in Papua New Guinea. The show was started in 1959 and 2016 marked their 55th Show in Lae Showground (Keurs, 2006). The event president is P. Franklin MBE how has held the position for the past two years. The Morobe Show is held in Lae Showground. The show has over the years evolved to attract the international community making it a financial success event for sponsors as a result of commercialization and popularity. The event is held on October weekend close to the moon. The main showcases are agriculture, commercial and culture. The show has attractive entertainment in fairground rides, daredevil bike ride and traditional dances. The show is organized and coordinated by Morobe Province Agricultural Society. The Show website is www.morobeshow.org.pg. The Morobe show is sponsored by Grand Champion, Coca Cola Amatil, Blue Ribbon, Trukai and Ramu industries. These sponsors contributed K50000 for the Morobe event 2016. Growth of Morobe Show The event has grown for years with attendance reaching to an average of 100000people in the past five years. The show increased participates to more than 1000 in the past on decade with improved quality. There has been an also increased group as from 2007 that have attracted more tourists in the event. They stand at 58 representing the top performing groups in PNG and Australia. The number of events has also increased with entertainment taking a central part in the Show. Several games have been introduced and enhanced to increase participation and entertainment to the show. The number of sponsors in the event has increased to take advantage of the growing event that has become popular in the country (Prideaux et al, 2006). This has led to companies operating in PNG promoting their products in the event and recording good results. Marketing of Morobe Show The event has been marketed in different websites to persuade and inform attendance of the Show. The organization has majorly invested in internet marketing to reach a large audience both locally and internationally. Morobe Show uses Trans Niugini Tours and Papua New Guinea Travels. The websites used for marketing are updated with detailed information about the event that creates expectations to the potential attendance. These websites are touring websites that visited my tourists visiting PNG. Since these websites are mostly visited by tourist providing them with information on the upcoming interesting events in the province enables them to schedule visit to the show. This helps the tourist to easily access information and they are facilitated to attend the event by the touring companies. These touring websites are integrated to offer full hospitality to tourist enabling them to move around and have the best visits in the country (Keurs, 2006). The marketing strategy exercised by Mo robe Show is appropriate for the event because it connects the tourists to the event. The websites offer a worldwide advertisement of the event reaching more audience around the world. This encourages both international audiences and participants to the event. From this marketing of Morobe Show, it recommendable that the organizers of the event prepare a video advertisement to be displayed in these websites instead of just words. This is because videos showing past event are more likely to create anxious to attend the event than reading. The marketers of the show should also consider extending marketing in the catering websites. These catering websites are also highly attended by tourist and engagement in a cultural event would create an admirable associate. Competitors Papua New Guinea is rich in culture and has several events running in the country throughout the year. These events include the following; Mt Hagen Cultural Sow that is to be held in Mt Hagen, Morobe Yam Festival to be held in Lae and Zumin pottery Exhibitions also in Lae (May, 2004). These events are schedules to reoccur every year though different dates with Morobe Show. These competitors are different from Morobe Show because they have specialized in different set of events. For instance, Mt Hagen Cultural Show has in depth cultural showcase that bring together different tribal participants in the region creating a large number of following. These competing events compete for attendance that earns return to sponsors and organizers. However, Morobe Show is rated as the best among the showcase events in PNG for it different events taking place simultaneously and popularity among PNG and Australia. Event Lifecycle of Morobe Show The Morobe Show is a recurring event that happens every year. The event is in the maturity stage citing it development for the past one decade. The Morobe show has been on an upward graph for the past two decades will increase events and attendances. The Show reached its peak on 2008 with 105000 people that have later stagnated at 100000 people with little variation. It therefore the job of the organizers of Morobe Show to keep the event attracting more and more attendances to maintain an upward graph. According to event lifecycle, the Morobe Show is at the peak with large participants and attendances. The growth of attendance is at a slow rate as compared to two decades ago (Mckinnon et al, 2008). This stage in the event lifecycle indicate that if the does not enhance it marketing strategies it can start declining in terms of events and attendances. Therefore, the organizers should strategize on meeting standards and making the show more interesting by adding events and marketing wi dely to receive more attendances. Recommendation to Coca Cola Company Coca cola has sponsored Morobe Show since 2007. The Coca cola Company made K60000 to the event facilitating the event to greater height. It is from these facilitations that the event has been able to reach more potential attendances resulting to an increase by 8% in 2008 Show (Stanley, 2007). The Show has in the recent past attained recognition in PNG and Australia making it a good avenue for product promotion. Since the show is associated with promotions, it recommendable for Coca Cola company to continue and increase its sponsorship in the event. Also, the event is continuously attaining popularity in the international society thereby creating room for more audience. Therefore, sponsorship of Coke Company to Morobe Show will assist the company to promote it brand in PNG. Conclusion From the discussion in this report, it clear that the event under study is most famous in PNG and is gaining popularity with time. The Morobe Show has evolved to be an attractive event for both local and international society. In the recent decade, the event has also been commercialize and grown to be popularized as a promotion avenue. It is therefore recommendable for companies wishing to promote their brand or product to sponsor the event for there is prospects for return due to large following of the event. References Bourke, R. M., Harwood, T. A. (2009). Food And Agriculture In Papua New Guinea. Canberra, A.C.T., Anu E Press. Http://Press.Anu.Edu.Au?P=53311. Keurs, P. T. (2006). Condensed Reality: A Study Of Material Culture ; Case Studies From Siassi (Papua New Guinea) And Enggano (Indonesia). Leiden, Cnws Publications. Mckinnon, R., Carillet, J.-B., Starnes, D. (2008). Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands. Footscray, Vic, Lonely Planet. May, R. J. (2004). State And Society In Papua New Guinea: The First Twenty-Five Years. Canberra, Act, Australian National University E Press. Prideaux, B., Moscardo, G., Laws, E. (2006). Managing Tourism And Hospitality Services: Theory And International Applications. Wallingford, Cabi. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1079/9781845930127.0000. Rannells, J., Matatier, E., Mimi, K. (2005). Png Fact Book: A One Volume Encyclopedia Of Papua New Guinea. South Melbourne, Vic, Oxford Univ. Press. Stanley, N. (2007). The Future Of Indigenous Museums: Perspectives From The Southwest Pacific. New York, Berghahn Books. Sykes, K., Simet, J., Kamene, S. (2001). Culture And Cultural Property In The New Guinea Islands Region: Seven Case Studies. New Delhi, Ubspd.

A Childs Mind in the Hand of a Genius essays

A Childs Mind in the Hand of a Genius essays Drunken Kaiser, that is the nickname Theodor Geisel was called as a child. The brewery owned by his father and his German descent contributed to the name, a name that only led to rocks, bottles and obscenities tossed in his direction. There was no fighting back, instead over the course of his 86 years he created some of the greatest cartoons, books and even films to grace the eyes and ears of adults and children everywhere. Described by Jonathan Cott, an author in his own right as, ...a genre, a category, an institution, Mr. Geisel contributed more to a society than his stories but gave the world something to hold onto forever. His sixty plus books have been translated into 15 languages and are read in over 45 countries. Looking back on his lifetime he witnessed and shaped the minds of children, adults and politicians. Either through cartoons during WWII or in books so simple the vocabulary rarely reached over 400 words. The messages werent always clear but the morals dealt with nuclear arms, the environment, war, racial tolerance, and antifascism. Still the text was simple enough for a five-year old to read. Youth, its something we all possess, others hold onto it while some let it slide from their grasps as they seemingly age. Dr. Seuss captured the minds of children starting after the end of the Second World War. Helen Geisel, his 1st wife, said once, His mind never grew up, and that was true in a sense; he showed children something they could understand. His logic regarding important issues of the time and those to come in the future was easily understandable by the youth. But not only did parents read the books to children they read them for themselves. The Cat in the Hat, Green Eggs and Ham, How the Grinch Stole Christmas, and The Lorax are all classics, the hundred year old grandma that lives down the block still remembers the first time she encountered Dr. Seuss...

The Naked Ape Essays - Human Behavior, Behavior, Abnormal Psychology

The Naked Ape Essays - Human Behavior, Behavior, Abnormal Psychology The Naked Ape In The Naked Ape, Desmond Morris provides an alternative explanation of the causative factors underlying various human behavior patterns and societal and cultural activities. He develops his theme around such human activities as feeding, grooming, sleeping, fighting, mating and care of the young. He compares human traits and behaviors with those exhibited by animals, mainly the primates, in like activities. His point is that understanding the evolutionary source of many behaviors can throw new light on understanding the complex nature of the human species. Morris begins by examining the evolution of the mammals, from the earliest insectivores to the latest carnivores, detailing the survival characteristics which led to the success of some species over others. He provides great detail on the development of the nearly naked carnivorous 'hunting ape' from the fruit eating primate group. He presents a thorough discussion of sexual behavior, stressing the similarities between human 'rituals' and primate behaviors. Tracing the three characteristic sexual phases of pair formation, pre-copulatory activity, and copulation, the evolutionary process which lies at the root of modern human sexual behavior is clearly laid out. Similarly, he examines human child-rearing, and provides interesting insights into non-verbal communication and body language between mother and child. The role of exploratory behavior in the basic survival patterns of feeding, fighting, and mating, as well as its importance to an individual's social adjustment, is detailed. Morris analyzes thoroughly our human aggressive urges, as always providing examples of animal behaviors which serve as an objective base upon which to understand why we act as we do. In addition to territorial and social dominance aggressive behaviors, he describes the actual mechanics of aggression, both physiologically and behaviorally. Both displacement activity and appeasement activity are explored in detail. He concludes by examining human feeding and comfort behaviors and mankind's relationships with animals. Throughout the book he stresses that as a species, man is a simple biological phenomenon subject to all the basic laws of animal behavior. He feels that it is important to the survival of the human species to understand itself and the limitations implicit in being a 'naked ape'. Morris admits that he perhaps over-stresses the biological/zoological slant of his thesis, but even so his concepts are capably and logically developed. I found it easy and fascinating to recognize myself (and others) in almost every behavioral situation he describes. One very important point to keep in mind about Morris' book is that he is exploring 'normal' social behavior, not abnormal behavior. He has taken almost every aspect of man's everyday life and shown, acceptably and believably in my opinion, that in many cases human behavior can be understood in terms of our evolutionary roots.

Commercial and Investment Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Commercial and Investment Banking - Essay Example Lending relationships, particularly those that are long-term associations make it simpler for small sized organizations to have access to outside funds. Owing to the risky nature of the small firms, it becomes very difficult for them to borrow funds if they lack lending relationships with banks. However, such kind of organizations predictably attempts to get access to further diversified sources of funds, after they have formed long-term lending associations with banks. Thus, it can be stated that the organization’s preceding lending association with a bank enables it to gain admission to the public securities market. Furthermore, the association of the organization with a bank persists to play a crucial role even when the organization is capable of issuing public securities. Nonetheless, when an organization diversifies its sources of funds, it has to face certain consequential drawbacks. The funding diversification restricts the bank’s readiness to assist the organiza tion when it faces financial distress. This restriction in the bank’s flexibility is true even when the organization had taken up only diminutive values of public debt. In spite of everything, it can be conclusively stated that a good lending relationship with a bank augments the probability of fruitful negotiation when an organization encounters financial difficulties (Berlin, 1996). Answer 2 a) Kwan (2004) defines a large bank merger as the amalgamation of the operations of two banks, which are huge in size and the merger provides a large geographic scope to the subsequently merged institute. In the recent years, the large bank mergers have been an indication of the process for creating an extensive nationwide banking franchise. b) The regulatory modifications in the 1990’s have created immense opportunities for the banks to pursue the overseas economies. The banks have benefitted in terms of economies of scale as well as scope. Mergers have enabled the banks to prov ide the number of products and services and as a result, the unit price of production has reduced. Additionally, the expansion had created a circumstance where the shared expenses of providing two corresponding services are not more than the joint expenses of providing the two services separately. c) It is believed that mergers can increase the bank’s capability to diversify risk. Prior studies have implied that geographic spreading out would offer diversification advantages to a banking organization. This can be accomplished in the form decreased portfolio risk on the asset side, in addition to a decline in the funding risk on the liability side. Banks are likely to attain these benefits as it spreads funding actions over a wider geographic region. Furthermore, studies have also indicated that product extension could result in diversification benefits. The benefits would be more distinguished amid the banking as well as the securities activities, while it would be less promi nent in the activities between banking and insurance (Kwan & Laderman, 1999).

Answer the questions Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answer the questions - Term Paper Example The liberals then were seeking for the expansive role played by the political class. People that shared common interests were seeking for liberal freedoms. During the 18th century, many people were undermining the political arrangements in Europe, in addition to Britain having a gradual expansion on individual rights. The people believed that Governments should serve their citizens, while limiting their powers to natural rights of its citizens and the morality of the law such as the right to acquire property (Mehta, 29). Mehta believes that. in the late 19th century however, liberalism shifted its focus of protecting citizens from governments to using the governments to achieve a meaningful life. The government became a chance to positively shape the human life and society he lives in, only if it was properly used and controlled by the political leadership and other people. Liberals realized that if powerful government institutions were controlled and regulated by people’s instruments. In this case, therefore, true liberation is inevitable. The vast economic growth of many organizations enhanced capitalism, making people believes that Governments would play a major role in helping the citizens to benefit. The liberals now focused on forming labor unions to protect employees’ rights (47). Nationalism is an ideology that believes that a person’s loyalty and devotion to the government is more important than his interest or other groups’ interest. As such, individuals are more inclined towards helping the government to achieve its goals in the expense of individual’s goals. Before the development of nationalism, individuals developed loyalty towards specific leaders and cities. It was evident through the French and American Revolution. After the American and French revolution, nationalism became very crucial and it influenced the World War 1 and 11. Nationalism has helped serve the national interest of a state, which protects the interests of

Trans Atlantic Slave Trade History History Essay

Trans Atlantic Slave Trade History History Essay The Royal African Company of London was initiated by King Charles II in his ambition to expand the slave trade of England. King Charles II and the duke of York invested their own funds into the company to establish it. Initially it was known as the Company of Royal Adventurers Trading to Africa company and was only involved in gold trading and was created by the Stuart family and London merchants once the former retook the English throne in the English Restoration of 1660.The company was granted a monopoly over the English slave trade by a charter issued in 1660 and was given the mandate to capture any English rival ship transporting slaves. The company later collapsed since it could not meet the due huge demands of slaves in England among other issues (Miers 45). England first got involved in slave trade in the 16th century; a move pioneered by John Hawkins an English man whose business was to deport Africans from the west coast of Africa to the West Indies (Walter 72). At first, trading directly with other European countries was common in Virginia, but the Navigation Act of 1660 brought such relations to an end and only English-owned ships could enter colonial ports. It was at this time that the Royal African Company was formed to supply Virginia planters with labor since England had realized there was a lot of wealth in the trade. The Royal African Company traded mainly for gold and slaves and the majority of whom were sent to English colonies in the Americas. Its headquarters was Cape Coast Castle, modern-day Ghana; it also maintained many forts and factories in other locations such as Sierra Leone, the Slave Coast, the River Gambia, and additional areas on the Gold Coast Weeden 63). The Royal African Company lost its monopoly in 1698, although it continued to engage in the slave trade until 1731. It was replaced by the Company of Merchants Trading to Africa in 1752. In the 1680s it was transporting about 5,000 slaves per year. Many were branded with the letters DY, after its chief, the Duke of York, who succeeded his brother on the throne in 1685, becoming James II (Blackburn 212). Other slaves were branded with the companys initials, RAC, on their chests and its profits made a major contribution to the increase in the financial power of those who controlled London The British greatly benefited from this lucrative enterprise and approximately 1.5 million ,people were enslaved by the them, London was the biggest trading centre because of its transport links provided by river Thames and the London docks (Alpers, Campbell Salman 256). Britain as a country enormously benefited from the trade since slaves were exchanged for cutlery and, military supplies, which they would then exchange in West Indies to get raw materials for their industries and the products sold at huge profits. According to Bryan (106), There can be little doubt that such a system of trade substantially boosted the development of Britains commerce and manufacturing. However, there were different lines of slave trade such as the Pacific and the Atlantic; England was mostly involved in the Atlantic slave trade. The slave trade was also known as the Trans-Atlantic slave trade; it was the biggest and it mainly dealt with Africans. It lasted from the 16th century to the 19th when slave trade was abolished (Carlos 330). The trade involved many countries like the Portuguese, Brazilians, the British, the French, the Spanish, the Dutch, and the North Americans. The slaves were mostly from west and central Africa who were captured during trade at the coast while others were kidnapped from their homes or raided at their homes. They were sold to North and South American merchants to work in their sugar, coffee, cocoa, cotton, and rice plantations while others worked in the gold mines and silver mines (Drescher 77). Curlin (169) notes that more than 12 million Africans were enslaved under this trade which is referred to as maafa by Africans (literally meant great disaster), and the trade involved four continents, four centuries and millions of people. The first documented arrival of Africans to Virginia the first place where slaves were deported was in 1619, when a Dutch trading vessel docked in Hampton. There were 20 Africans who were traded to the English as much-needed workers to cultivate tobacco, the new cash crop of Virginia (Engerman 79). The institution of slavery slowly crept into Virginia legislation and by 1660 it was fully established in Virginia, since tobacco was extremely labor-intensive, and more and more workers were needed and also the sale of Africans to Virginia planters promised to be a profitable endeavor which really flourished (Brown 51). Nevertheless, Kwaku (4) states that slavery can be traced back to Africa itself, where Africans practiced slavery and was a part of their traditions. Africans sold slaves to Arabs before the arrival of the European who took the trade to a higher level. The Atlantic trade happened in two systems: the first and the second Atlantic systems. The first system involved sale of slaves to South America colonies of the Portuguese and the Spanish empires. It only accounted for a small percentage of the Atlantic trade about 3%. Later, Portugal was attacked by the Dutch and the British therefore weakening the trade (Martin 98). The second system involved enslavement of Africans to work in the Caribbean colonies of Brazil and North America. The slave trade was triangular; the starting point was Europe goods were transported from Europe to Africa they were given to African leaders, kings and merchants in exchange of slaves, this goods included guns, medicine, ammunition and other factory manufactu red goods. The slaves were then transported to America through the Atlantic and the final part was returning of goods from America to Europe for manufacturing these goods were sugar, tobacco ,coffee, rum and moll assess. However Brazil the main importer of slaves then manufactured the goods in South America and traded directly with the Africans (Maugham 56). The trade was encouraged by many reasons but shortage of labor was the main one. This was due to discovery of the new world hence there was a lot of cheap land available and the owners definitely wanted workers because the amount of labor was too much as they practiced intensive planting, harvesting and processing (Eltis 98). The trade also developed because of the willingness of Africans to sell fellow Africans for goods from Europe. Those convicted also for wrong doing in Africa were sold to slavery as punishment since there were no prisons. Inikori (45) argues that warfare in Africa was also a major contributor of the slave trade, there were many wars taking place at that time, for example the Congo civil war Oyo and Asante empires crisis. Patterson (10) and Clarke (75) note that although Africans practiced slavery themselves, it was very different from that of the new world. Whereas in Africa slaves children were not enslaved, in America they were enslaved at birth. In Africa they were treated well and in some communities they were considered as adopted and had the permission to marry, in contrary to America where they were not allowed to marry, they were ruthlessly bitten and even branded to show ownership although they were not used for sacrifices like it happened in Africa. Countries involved actively or passively in the trade were: Senegal Denanke Kingdom, Kingdom of Fouta, Jolof Empire, and Kingdom of Khasso, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone Ghana, Asante Confederacy and Mankessim of Nigeria, Benin Kingdom of Dahomey, and the Republic of Congo (Cheeves 102). About 1.2 2.4 million Africans died during the middle passage and others died soon after their arrival. The number of people who died during the capture and kidnapping of the Africans is countless but it remained higher than those actually enslaved. Most of the slaves sold were prisoners from African conflicts which the European fueled to their advantage, this trade led to the led to the destruction of individuals and cultures (Cooper, Holt Scott 120; David 84). The second part of the slave trade triangle was the most important is known as the middle passage of African people from Africa to the new world (Reynold 85). Ships departed to Africa with merchandise to trade in Africa for slaves, business took place at the coast since the Europeans feared to get into the interior because of tropical diseases. Voyages were organized by companies or groups of merchants and not individuals because they considered it as a major investment opportunity. Millions of Africans were imprisoned, enslaved, and removed from their communities, 15% of those captured died at sea during transportation that is about 2 million, and those that died as a result of slavery in America were more than 4 million African deaths (Roberts 92; Robin Law, British Academy, Royal African Company 106). In the eighteenth century about 6 million slaves were enslaved and Britain accounted for 2.5millon of them being the largest importer then. The duration of the transatlantic voyage varied depending on the weather many took six months; although as centuries went by the more the importers took less time because they were getting experienced and a voyage would even take six weeks (Williams 56; Cateau Harrington 96). Slave ships usually would have several hundreds of slaves and about thirty crew members. Men were chained together in pairs right leg to the next mans left leg in order to save space, while women and children had some little space to themselves. The slaves in transit were fed once a day on beans, corn, yams, rice or palm oil. Some slave holders would let their captives move around the ship daytime but most did not, they tied them throughout the grueling journey (Willis Miers 480). Disease and starvation were the main causes of death and amoebic dysentery and scurvy caused the majority of deaths. There were also disease out breaks like, smallpox, syphilis, measles, and other diseases spread rapidly in the in the squeezed compartments. The longer the voyage took the more slaves would die due to the harsh conditions, the quality and freshness of food disappeared every passing day. Another cause of death was depression because of the loss because of the loss of freedom, family, security , and their own humanity (Zuberi 156; Fage 198). Some slaves would take courage and resist their oppressors most of them refused to eat and this would make them sick and eventually die and hence a loss to the holder. Others would commit suicide by throwing themselves overboard, as well as a variety of many other opportunistic means. Over the centuries very many Africans committed suicide, which they preferred since they believe they would meet with their families in the afterlife. A former slave was quoted saying When we found ourselves at last taken away, death was more preferable than life, and a plan was concerted amongst us, which we might burn and blow up the ship, and to perish all together in the flames (Indrani 321). Both suicide and self-starving were prevented as much as possible by slaver holders hence they were even torture so that they would feed but some still managed to starve themselves. It was not just the slaves who suffered, the sailors themselves experienced terrible conditions and often were employed only throu gh coercion. Sailors knew and hated the slave trade, so at port towns, recruiters and tavern owners would get sailors drunk, and then offer to relieve their debt if they signed contracts with slave ships. If they did not, they would be imprisoned, sailors in prison had a hard time getting jobs outside of the slave ship industry, since most other maritime industries would not hire jail-birds, so they were forced to go to the slave ships anyway (Hogg 73; Michlethwait Wooldridge 32). This kind of treatment made many Africans depressed and left them in a severe psychological shock. This was compounded by a common fear among the Africans that they had been taken by the Europeans to be eaten, to be made into oil or gunpowder, or that their blood was to be used to dye the red flags of Spanish ships while it was their skills as agricultural laborers and their adaptability to tropical climates that were sorely needed in the agricultural economy of the European colonies. Once the slaves arrived in America or other destinations they were taken to the plantations by their specific owners while others would be sold, as property, even worse there were advertisements for slaves on sale. It was not only merchants and ship captains who were involved in this trade, but also artisans and businesspeople were involved. These included blacksmiths, bakers, goldsmiths, hatters, shoemakers, tailors and tobacconists. Doctors, judges, and midwives were also among the slave sellers. Even governors owned slaves as demonstrated by an advertisement listing a Mulatto Boy for sale from the estate of a deceased governor Collins 25). In Britain, the first private slave trader was, John Hawkins, who began the trade in 1562, he left England with 100 men and 3 ships, his first point was Sierra Leone where he captured 300 slaves and sold them in Hispaniola, on his return his ship was full of goods like such as hides, ginger and sugar the queen gained interest in him and the two became business partners, the royal family slowly got into the slave trade and on the third voyage Hawkins took along Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh who also developed to be great slave traders. The Duke of York also through the queen joined the trade and he used to get his initials, DY, branded onto the left buttock or breast of each of the 3000 slaves who were his and he sold them to the Caribbeans. Business was booming and in the 17th and18th century slaves population in the British Caribbean was approximately 428,000 out of a population of 500,000 (Kitson 87). Due to the growth of slave trade, the royal family decided to create a company that would control slave trade and completely abolish the private slave traders; for this reason the Royal African Company was established. The Company transported an average of 5000 slaves per year, between 1680 and1686, and received annual grants from parliament of about  £90,000. King Charles II was a major a shareholder, and hence maintained the Royal family involvement in slavery. The Royal African Company had agents in Virginia to whom slaves were delivered, they were given a seven-percent commission on sales, some of the major players in trade were John Page, Colonel Nathaniel Bacon and William Sherwood were all prominent Virginians who served as factors, agents or representatives for the Company (Miers Klein 102; Spooner 87). Private traders were not pleased with this and pardoned the court to be allowed to continue with the trade of human cattle, however in 1698 parliament approved private traders to participate in the slave trade as long as they paid a 10% duty on English goods exported to Africa. Business went bad for the company, since private traders overtook it. Many factors led to the fall of the company some of them were: the Company was not achieving a profit and had to borrow money to pay dividends, the planters were always complaining that the company was not able to supply enough slaves and the demand was overwhelming, hence they argued that the monopoly be abolished so that more slaves could be imported. Eventually, the Company, which was always heavily patronized by the Stuart monarchs, fell out of favor when James II was deposed and William and Mary came to the throne this led to the abolishment of the company because it was no longer valid. The company though continued slave trade at small scale levels until 1731; it abandoned the trade and started trafficking of ivory and gold dust. Charles Hayes (1678-1760), mathematician and chronologist was sub-governor of Royal African Company till 1752 when it was dissolved. Its successor was the African Company of Merchants (Solow Engerman 214). Liverpools Bristol and London benefited greatly from this trade, it was booming and in the 17th century Liverpools first slave ship transported 220 slaves to Barbados and sold them for  £4,239, this was less than  £20 per slave. In addition, Liverpool had 8 major slave traders who together could transport 25,820 that worked out around 50-550 per ship. However, England signed the Treaty of Utrecht with Spain in 1733, which granted England monopoly of the Spanish slave trade for 30 years as England promised at least 144,000 slaves at the rate of 4,800 slaves per year. In 1772 Lord Mansfield came to proclaim it illegal to remove any person forcibly from England, though this did not make any big change because many of the major politicians were deeply involved with slavery. For example, Richard Pennant who was Liverpools Member of Parliament from 1777 to 1790, owned 8,000 acres of sugar plantations and over 600 slaves in Jamaica. Similarly, three out of 41 councilors in Liverpool wer e slave ship owners or major investors in the slave trade and during the years of 1787 and 1807, all 20 mayors who held office in Liverpool financed or owned slave ships. The slave trade was abolished in 1808 over 100 years after the British Empire became involved in slave trading, the Trans-Atlantic slave trade was abolished within the Empire and also in the United States. However it was not until 1827 that Britain declared the slave trade illegal, and in 1833 slavery was abolished throughout Europe, the Emancipation Act went through British parliament. It still took another 11 years until 1838 before slavery was fully abolished within the British Empire. The new system however gave some  £20,000, to the planters as compensation although nothing was awarded to any former slaves. The system even made things worse for the former slaves due to the high taxes on smallholdings, high rates for licenses on small traders and contracts to shackle the laborers to the large plantations; hence they were forced to continue working in arduous conditions on the plantations. In 1844 there was labor shortage and this led to the introduction of indentured labor from another of Britains colonies, India. The Indian laborers made conditions worse for former slaves as they undermined any attempts to get better working and living conditions through strikes. By 1917, 145,000 Indians had been transported to Trinidad and 238,000 to Guyana. Jamaica was also affected with around 39,000 immigrants. The only island not affected was Barbados. It evident that the slave trade led to the growth of the populations of Europe and America while those of Africa remained stagnant. Revenues from slavery were used to build Europe and Americas economies and especially the industrial revolution was funded by the profits from agricultural activities which were done by the slaves. Scholars have argued that Britains industrial development is owed to slavery and that Britain thrives on slavery wealth. Some also have claimed that by the time it was completely abolished its importance was long gone and its abolishment was an advantage for Britain, some though think differently and argue that slavery was useful to the end. In 1787, the first anti slavery movement was formed The Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. The first countries to petition against slavery were Cuba and Jamaica, United States followed suit and later on Britain, Portugal and in some other parts of Europe. The Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) was the leading movement in Britain that called for abolition of slavery, the movement was joined by many and began to protest against the trade, but they were opposed by the owners of the colonial holdings. Denmark was the first country to ban slave trade through a parliamentary legislation in 1792, which took effect in 1803. In 1807, Britain banned the trade but not slavery itself, although the slave trade had become illegal, slavery remained a reality in British colonies. Wilberforce himself was convinced that the institution of slavery should be entirely abolished, but he also knew there was little political will to do so by the politicians. The Emancipation Bill was taken to parliament, it was supposed to officially abolish slave trade in Britain if passed, and it gathered support and received its final commons reading on 26 July 1833. Slavery was to be abolished planters would be well compensated; slaves on plantations were required to remain for a further six years. Those who petitioned for abolition argued that slavery made Africans to go into constant wars so that they could capture prisoners who would be sold as slaves to meet the ever growing demand for slaves. People avoided details of the middle passage issue because it would have caused great animosity and only talked about the massive deaths it caused and hence the need to an end of slavery. They also argued that despite the conditions at sea the whole ordeal of slave trade was grueling and had to stop immediately. The trade also led to the birth of the black social identifies and European superiority, which led to the slow development of the African race. They however agreed that the trade was important for the stability of the economy which was obviously not important than human rights. The debate over slavery went on for decades before abolition was finalized. Davies (86) observes that The Royal Navy, which then controlled the worlds seas, moved to stop other nations from filling Britains place in the slave trade and declared that slaving was equal to piracy and was punishable by death. They forced other nations to quit the trade to so as to protect their economy and also make their colonies uncompetitive. Other European countries were left with no option but to stop and when that happened the British navy took its supremacy to the west coast so as to secure the sea and they were stationed there for the next 50 years. Action was taken for African leaders who refused to stop slave trade activities. Antislavery treaties were signed all over Africa by 50 leaders (Boddy-Evans 10; Carlos Kruse 291). In conclusion Englands involvement in the slave trade as viewed from the National Gallery in London, slave trade was a respected occupation then and many of the London merchants who were taking almost 3/4 of the sugar imported from the West Indies lived in South London in Blackheath. It can be said Europe and America are built on funds made through the sale of Africans ancestors because they labored and toiled on the plantations to many of the banks in this countries today and so are the their families. Slavery is not over but entrenched at the heart of Londons wealth. In 1998, UNESCO designated August 23 as International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition. Since that occurrence, a number of events surrounding the recognition of the effect of slavery on both the enslaved and enslavers have come to pass. At the World Conference against Racism, South Africa, African nations demanded a clear apology for slavery from the former slave-trading countries. Some nati ons were willing to do so but some refused such as the United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, and the United States. The countries feared that they would be asked to pay compensation. Apologies on behalf of African nations, for their role in trading their countrymen into slavery, also remain an open. On November 27, 2006, British Prime Minister Tony Blair made a partial apology for Britains role in the African slavery trade. However, African rights activists denounced it as empty rhetoric and it did not address the issue like it should. The apology was just mere talk and they say he should have not even said it. On August 24, 2007, Ken Livingstone (then Mayor of London) apologized publicly for Londons role in the slave trade. You can look across there to see the institutions that still have the benefit of the wealth they created from slavery, he said pointing towards the financial district, before breaking down in tears. He said it was still haunted by the memories of sla very. Jesse Jackson praised Mayor Livingstone, and added that reparations should be made. On January 30, 2006, Jacques Chirac (the then French President) said that 10 May would henceforth be a national day of remembrance for the victims of slavery in France, and when marking the day in 2001 when France passed a law recognizing slavery as a crime against humanity. On July 30, 2008, the United States House of Representatives passed a resolution apologizing for American slavery and subsequent discriminatory laws. The language included a reference to the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality and inhumanity of slavery and segregation (Howard 21).

Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley Essay -- History Nativ

Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley The struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley spanned a time from the late 1740s to the 1850s. This century of turbulence is characterized by Native American and Anglo-American conflict. It pitted each side against each other in a battle for supremacy of the land, economics and culture. On one hand, the expansion of the Western frontier would provide for economic development and the increase of the United States as a legitimate world power. In contrast, from the perspective of Native American tribes, the Ohio River Valley was their homeland and had been for many generations. If the expansion continued it would harm their way of life, encroach upon their homeland, and make their resources scarcer. The battle for dominance is a good representation of how continuity and change help determine the outcome of the Western frontier. Anglo-Americans that will be examined as influential in the formation of the Ohio River Valley are Daniel Boone, Henry Clay, and William Harrison. In a rapidly developing society these men represented, in different ways, the forces of continuity and change. In their quest to expand and "civilize" the west, these men were forced into a struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley. The Native American movement in the Ohio River Valley during this time is represented through the Shawnee, lead by Tecumseh. The Shawnee also battle with conflicts of continuity and change in the hope of keeping their homeland, culture, and economic sustenance. Hence, Americans represented by Boone, Clay and Harrison, and Native Americans represented by the Shawnee and Tecumseh, both represent change and continuity in their struggle for dominance of the Ohio River Val... ...terized by a struggle for culture, economics, and land. The relevance of this struggle in American history is that it allows the present to examine what the forces for change and continuity were and how they relate to contemporary issues. Today we still see some members of society ignorant and afraid of those who are different. We also see the Indians struggle for a voice in our democracy. They represent a group of persons depleted of resources and removed from their land. As the Americans continued to push further west after the Ohio River Valley victories, they continued to displace more and more Native Americans. But Americans couldn't entirely remove them from existence, and today we are starting to realize the implications of our lust for land. The United States has received its status as a world power and is economically and culturally rich, but at what cost? Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley Essay -- History Nativ Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley The struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley spanned a time from the late 1740s to the 1850s. This century of turbulence is characterized by Native American and Anglo-American conflict. It pitted each side against each other in a battle for supremacy of the land, economics and culture. On one hand, the expansion of the Western frontier would provide for economic development and the increase of the United States as a legitimate world power. In contrast, from the perspective of Native American tribes, the Ohio River Valley was their homeland and had been for many generations. If the expansion continued it would harm their way of life, encroach upon their homeland, and make their resources scarcer. The battle for dominance is a good representation of how continuity and change help determine the outcome of the Western frontier. Anglo-Americans that will be examined as influential in the formation of the Ohio River Valley are Daniel Boone, Henry Clay, and William Harrison. In a rapidly developing society these men represented, in different ways, the forces of continuity and change. In their quest to expand and "civilize" the west, these men were forced into a struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley. The Native American movement in the Ohio River Valley during this time is represented through the Shawnee, lead by Tecumseh. The Shawnee also battle with conflicts of continuity and change in the hope of keeping their homeland, culture, and economic sustenance. Hence, Americans represented by Boone, Clay and Harrison, and Native Americans represented by the Shawnee and Tecumseh, both represent change and continuity in their struggle for dominance of the Ohio River Val... ...terized by a struggle for culture, economics, and land. The relevance of this struggle in American history is that it allows the present to examine what the forces for change and continuity were and how they relate to contemporary issues. Today we still see some members of society ignorant and afraid of those who are different. We also see the Indians struggle for a voice in our democracy. They represent a group of persons depleted of resources and removed from their land. As the Americans continued to push further west after the Ohio River Valley victories, they continued to displace more and more Native Americans. But Americans couldn't entirely remove them from existence, and today we are starting to realize the implications of our lust for land. The United States has received its status as a world power and is economically and culturally rich, but at what cost?

Predicting Performance

Mix between current method and intelligence test. Evaluate Alternatives: 1. Intelligence tests. If Intelligence tests are used by corporations to screen Job applicants, colleges could use the same methodology. Also this will give a future opportunity for the students after graduation, to be familiar with this kind of test. Also corporations looking new employees will be confident that the graduated students have already passed the intelligence test, so they can give priority for students graduated from New England College.In addition the New England College, based on this alternative, could do agreement with potential recruiters, to give priority for student graduated from the college as they can ensure their Intelligence level. This will give an advantage to overcome any possibility of discrimination and to be more fair for poor and minorities, as it will be based on real evaluation for intelligence level for students. 2. Keep existing selection criteria. As Alex has no prior exper ience in college admissions, and in the same time she didn't eave enough time to collect all data and verify It by real study.All her reservations about using SAT scores based on concerns, the only evidence Is that coaching improves the SAT score. So keeping the current selection criteria will overcome the risk of failure in case of any change in the process of selection, also as the people who design the SAT argue forcefully that these test scores are valid predictors of how well a person will do in college. But Alex could gain time during keeping the current selection process to collect and analysis data before thinking about other alternative o challenge this argue. . MIX between current method and Intelligence test. As SAT Is only three sections Mathematics, Critical Reading, and Writing. It Is preferable also to measure the intelligence of the students. For this it's required to redistribute the scoring as per the below. High school grades (20 %); Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores (30 %); Intelligence tests scores (30 %); Extra-curricular activities and achievements (10 %); And the quality and creativity of a written theme submitted with the applicationThis alternative will make the selection criteria based on measuring the mathematics; critical reading and writing in addition to the proper intelligence level, and avoid discrimination for poor and minorities. Taking into account the students character and their ability to manage activities and have achievement, and their ability to express their writing capabilities and creativity. Also this alternative will have the advantages of first alternative. Recommendations: To use the third alternative by having mix between current methods and intelligence test.

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